How did Europeans view African and American cultures according to the material?

• A. As equal partners
• B. That they were there to conquer Europe
• C. That they were there to support Europe
• D. That they were superior

Answer: (C)

The key idea here is how Europeans framed other cultures to justify expansion and economic gain. The material presents African and American cultures as resources and sources of labor that exist to support Europe—to provide raw materials, wealth, and markets that bolster European power. That instrumental view explains policies of conquest, colonization, and exploitation, rather than seeing these cultures as equal partners, conquerors of Europe, or superior.

So the best answer reflects that perspective: these cultures were viewed as something that serves Europe. The other options don’t fit the material’s portrayal of how Europeans saw non-European societies.